asimov studies

Atmospheric Pressure	Atmospheric Pressure at sea level is: 14.7 psi.
Gas Constant (universal)	8.314 J/(mol.K)
Gravitational Constant
High Earth Orbit	High Earth Orbit extends from 35,786 KM (22,236 miles) and beyond.
Humidity	The relative humidity is a measure of how much water the air actually holds, compared to much how air can absorb.
Hypersonic	Hypersonic speed is generally a speed that is higher than Mach 5.
Low Earth Orbit	Low Earth Orbit extends from the earths surface up to an altitude of 2,000 Km (1,240 miles).
Mach Number	Mach Number is the ratio of the "component" velocity to the speed of sound.
Mass Fraction	Mass Fraction represents the ratio of the mass of a single component to the total mass, (note: the sum of all the mass fractions shall be equal to 1)
Mass Ratio	mass ratio is the ratio of the mass of the rocket with propellant to mass of the vehicle without propellant.
Mean Free Path	The mean free path is the distance covered by a particle before collision.
Medium Earth Orbit	Medium Earth Orbit extends from an altitude of 2,000 Km (1,240 miles) to 35,786 Km (22,236 miles)
Mixture Ratio	Mixture ratio is the ratio of the weight of the oxidizer used per unit time to the weight of the fuel used per unit time.
Non Condensing air	The volume of air would not change under pressure.
Payload	Payload is the fraction of the mass that is used for a specific part of the load. it is considered as the warhead (for missiles) cargo, munition, fuel (for aircraft).
Reynolds Number	Reynolds number is the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces. high values of Reynolds means that the viscous effects are small, and the flow is inviscid. Reynolds number is used as a dimensionless number that can define if a flow is laminar or turbulent. See specific studies for Reynolds threshold number between laminar or turbulent flow. Reynolds = rho * V * L /u
Scramjet	a scramjet is a jet characterized by supersonic combustion (air is compressed by the high speed of the vehicle, mixes with fuel and leaves with a nozzle at a higher speed than the inlet air). Typically scramjet runs from Mach 14 to Mach 24.
Shock Wave	shock wave forms when the speed of a gas changes more than the speed of sound resulting in a pressure buildup and a high pressure shock wave forms resulting in changes of the properties of the gas.
Sonic Line	The Sonic Line is the line between a subsonic and supersonic region.
Specific Impulse	Specific Impulse is the thrust developed per pound of total propellant per second.
Stealth	Stealth Technology refers to a specific shape, and material of an airplane that is designed to reduce radar detection.
Stokes Flow	Stokes Flow is a flow that has a very high viscosity, coupled with a low Reynolds Number.
Stratosphere	Stratosphere is a layer of Earths Orbit where a rise in altitude leads to a rise in temperature. it is between the troposphere and Mesosphere. It is situated between 10 Km (6 miles) and 50 Km (31 miles).
Thrust	Thrust is a reaction force to a force in the opposite direction  (for rockets, the thrust is the time rate of momentum change of the exhaust mass from the nozzle).
Thrust to Weight	Thrust to Weight is the ratio of instantaneous thrust to the weight at the Earths surface.
Troposphere	the troposphere is the warm layer of air next to Earths surface, it extends up to 40,000 ft (it covers mount everest ..)
TurboFan	Majority of Airplanes have a TurboFan design, though they are the most efficient. in a turboFan, Air enters an inlet, compresses by a rotating Fan then passes to combustion where it is mixed with Kerosene and ignited. the output air goes through the turbine where propulsion is generated.
TurboJet	TurboJets Consist of Air inlet, Air Compressor, Combustion Chamber, and a Gaz Turbine. Air enters the inlet, compresses, heats by Combusiotn, and expands in the Turbine then accelerates its speed in the nozzle to provide propulsion.
TurboProp	Turboprop engines use gaz turbines to run the propeller.
Turbulent Length	turbulent length scale is a physical quantity describing the size of the large energy containing eddies in a turbulent flow. the turbulent length shall be set according to the study. for internal flows, the characteristic length L can be equal to the inlet width.